Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus and HBV/HCV Coinfection: Trends in Disease Burden and Genotypic Diversity, a Scoping Review.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51867/scimundi.6.2.25Palavras-chave:
Hepatitis C Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, HBV/HCV Coinfection, Genotype Diversity, Molecular Epidemiology, Viral Hepatitis EliminationResumo
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant public health problem, with an estimated 50 million infected people worldwide, of which an estimated 1 million people are newly infected each year and more than 240,000 HCV-related deaths occur annually, mostly from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/HCV coinfection is less prevalent than mono-infection, but may be associated with more rapid progression of liver disease, more liver decompensation, hepatic cirrhosis, HCC, and hepatic mortality. This review aims to summarize recent available scientific literature and the most recent reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), World Health Organization (WHO), and other international organizations to assess the epidemiology, genotypic diversity, clinical implications, and public health concerns of HCV infection and HBV/HCV coinfection. Existing data suggest there is significant geographic diversity among the prevalence of HCV, with the highest prevalence found in regions of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. There are eight major HCV genotypes (1-8); genotype 1 is responsible for about 46% of all HCV infections in the world, genotype 3 for 30%, genotype 2 for 13%, and genotype 4 for 8% of infections, and ten HBV genotypes (A-J), with varying geographic distributions and clinical implications. New serological assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction, next-generation sequencing and molecular epidemiology have greatly advanced the detection, characterization, monitoring and treatment of viruses. Global elimination of HCV has been revolutionized by universal use of direct-acting antivirals against pan-genotypes, which have improved to achieve more than 95% SVR rates, and expanded screening has improved global prevention of HBV. Although these have advanced, there are still significant challenges, such as in sub-Saharan Africa and other resource-limited areas where epidemiological data, genotype surveillance, molecular diagnostic capacity and access to antiviral therapy are still limited. The efforts to reach the WHO target of viral hepatitis elimination as a public health threat by 2030 will require strengthening of HBV/HCV surveillance systems, expanding molecular epidemiological research, improving access to diagnostics and treatment, and investments in public health infrastructure, in addition to current initiatives.
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2026 Eliphalet Otunga, Kevin Soita, Nathan Shaviya
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0.
